Matsen FA (1980) Compartmental syndromes. It points out the affected compartments and allows the surgeon to selectively split the fascial spaces. MR imaging can help make the diagnosis of a manifest compartment syndrome in clinically ambiguous cases. Early follow-up showed changes in enhancement patterns late follow-up showed fibrosis and cystic and fatty degenerations of the affected compartments. T2-weighted spin-echo and magnetization transfer imaging showed bright areas, which enhanced after Gd-DTPA. Manifest compartment syndromes showed swollen compartments with loss of normal muscle architecture on T1-weighted spin-echo images. Early and late follow-up MR images were obtained. In total, 15 patients (5 with an imminent compartment syndrome and 10 with manifest compartment syndrome) underwent MR imaging with a variety of pulse sequences including fat suppression, magnetization transfer imaging, and intravenous gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) administration. In persistent or severe cases the best solution is usually to operate by releasing the sheath and allowing the muscle to expand naturally.The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of MR imaging for diagnosis and therapy management of compartment syndromes. Sports massage techniques to stretch the muscle sheath may have some success.Ĭross friction massage applied to the sheath may help stretch it and allow more room for the muscle within to function. What can a specialist or doctor do?Ī doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen. If compartment syndrome is diagnosed then an extended period of rest in conjunction with correction of foot biomechanics may be required to allow the overdeveloped muscle to atrophy and the sheath to accommodate it. See a specialist to confirm your problem as the injury may just be a chronic muscle strain that has not been allowed to heal properly. The causes of this can be training too much too quickly but you can also be more prone to this if you have laxity in your ankle ligaments for example after severe or recurrent ankle sprains.īiomechanical problems of the foot such as overpronation or over supination may also contribute to the load on the muscle increasing the chance of a chronic compartment syndrome. After a period of rest, the pain disappears only to come back when the athlete tries to run again. Symptoms include pain which gradually comes on during a run, getting worse until it is impossible to continue. It occurs because the muscle has grown too big too quickly for the sheath that surrounds it. Lateral compartment syndrome mainly occurs in runners. In severe cases, a surgeon can operate to surgically decompress the compartment. They may apply ultrasound or other electrotherapy techniques to help swelling dissipate.Ī doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen to reduce pain and inflammation. What can a sports injury specialist do?Ī professional therapist can perform compartment pressure tests and confirm the diagnosis. Wearing compression support may also help reduce the swelling and support the muscle. Ice should not be applied directly to the skin but wrap in a wet tea towel. Work the upper body instead or swim if this can be done pain-free.Īpply ice or cold therapy for 20 minutes every two hours. If it is particularly painful then seek professional medical advice.Īcute compartment syndrome can be a medical emergency as muscle and nerve damage can occur. Swelling or tenderness along the muscle on the outside of the calf.Symptoms include pain at the back of the leg, especially when walking or running.The extra fluid causes too much pressure within the muscle sheath. Acute compartment syndromeĪcute compartment syndrome can occur due to an impact or injury which causes bleeding and swelling within the muscle sheath. Chronic compartment syndrome usually develops gradually over time. Acute compartment syndrome comes on suddenly. Either of which can be the cause of a compartment syndrome.Ĭompartments syndromes are either acute or chronic. The lateral compartment of the lower leg is made up of the peroneus brevis and peroneus longus muscles. Click headings below to expand: What is the lateral compartment?
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